On passage she met the armed merchant cruiser HMS Kedahwhich had sailed two days previously laden with evacuees. Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. After landing a tortuous trek began across mountainous terrain making for the west coast port of Padang. [58], Yamashita had just over 30,000 men from three divisions: the Imperial Guards Division (Lieutenant-General Takuma Nishimura), the 5th Division (Lieutenant-General Takuro Matsui) and the Japanese 18th Division (Lieutenant-General Renya Mutaguchi). Stalag Luft I was a German World War II prisoner-of-war (POW) camp near Barth, Western Pomerania, Germany, for captured Allied airmen. Crowds now formed at the embarkation areas, some with passes and others without. [82] The Hurricanes shot down six Japanese aircraft and damaged 14 others for the loss of a Hurricane. The British troops left in the city of Singapore were basically garrison troops. Kathleens brother, Jack Clark, a member of the Malay State Volunteer Forces was killed in action. The Japanese were superior in close air support, armour, co-ordination, tactics and experience. Rarely did this strategy work and the small and largely defenceless vessels fell easy prey to enemy air attacks. They fell upon X Battalion, which had camped in its assembly area while waiting to launch its counter-attack, and two-thirds of the battalion was killed or wounded. HMSYin Ping was a WWI vintage coal burning unarmed tug requisitioned into the local naval forces under the command of an Australian planter, LEUT Patrick Wilkinson SSRNVR. Early in February, 1942, Professor G. A. Ransome spoke to me about his plans to try and escape to the Dutch East Indies if the Japanese should capture Singapore. [12], The Japanese 25th Army invaded Malaya from Indochina, moving into northern Malaya and Thailand by amphibious assault on 8 December 1941. Dalforce, formally the Singapore Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, was formed in Singapore in early 1942 by Colonel John Dalley. Be the first one to, Escape from Singapore, 1942; the story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Langford, Geoffrey Alexander Rowley-Conwy, Baron, 1912-, urn:lcp:escapefromsingap0000skid:lcpdf:bf2d9dfa-0c20-45fe-97ed-d4c56878c7fe, urn:lcp:escapefromsingap0000skid:epub:a253b070-87ef-4c4e-a760-97c84d59027b, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Kung Woalthough hit with considerable damage there was only one casualty, a Chinese stoker killed by shrapnel. In the early hours of 1 March, while crossing the Indian Ocean, she was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine I-159. [81] On the morning of 9 February, dogfights took place over Sarimbun Beach and other western areas. Please try your request again later. There were 49 infantry battalions21 Indian, 13 British, six Australian, four Indian States Forces assigned to airfield defence, three Straits Settlements Volunteer Force, and two Malayan. ESCAPE FROM SINGAPORE - 1942 A least one ship put up a gallant fight against overwhelming odds, she was the converted ferry cum armed patrol boat, HMS Li Wo, under command of Temporary Lieutenant Thomas Wilkinson RNR. In early December 1941 Malayan Police rounded up about 1200 Japanese and impounded their fleet of fishing vessels. While they were overflown by enemy aircraft, who possibly had other things on their minds celebrating their great victory, the small craft was unmolested. (31st January 1942 British and Commonwealth forces withdrew from the mainland to Singapore) My mother and two younger sisters (Audrey and Ann) left Singapore on December 22nd (the same day as. [97][66] After finding his left flank exposed by the withdrawal of the 27th Brigade, the commander of the 11th Indian Infantry Division, Key, dispatched the 8th Indian Infantry Brigade from reserve, to retake the high ground to the south of the Causeway. Blackburn and Hack give a total of 226 for British artillery pieces captured during the siege of Singapore itself, including fortress guns (172 without them), Two brigades from the 8th Australian Division had been dispatched to Singapore and then Malaya in February 1941, while its third brigade had been dispersed to garrison. (Private Dudley Athelstan Annear, WX13457 of 2/4 MGB was killed in action at Singapore on 14 February 1942. Arrival was on Sunday 22 February; while this was only a week after leaving Singapore, it felt like a lifetime. In the early afternoon McKerron and the Vlielands were joined by an old friend, Commander C. P. Robinson, the Deputy Master Attendant (Deputy Harbour Master). [142] Percival formally surrendered shortly after 17:15. 14 day loan required to access PDF files. [87], Believing that further landings would occur in the northeast, Percival did not reinforce the 22nd Brigade until the morning of 9 February, sending two half-strength battalions from the 12th Indian Infantry Brigade. Having decided to face the inevitable with a last bottle of bubbly, they were interrupted by some Dalforce officers2. After seeking cover in mangrove river estuaries he worked with local Dutch officials in helping rescue many other evacuees from sunken ships who had become stranded on remote islands. [107] Wavell told Percival that the garrison was to fight on to the end and that there should not be a general surrender in Singapore. Britain responded, sending the battleship HMS Prince of Walesand the battlecruiser HMS Repulseplus four destroyers to intercept the invasion force. Under the command of Major General Gordon Bennett, the force initially established its headquarters at Kuala Lumpur. The faithful old Kembong and her attendant naval launches were left to the Dutch authorities. This boat was badly holed and with constant bailing could only accommodate four passengers at a time. In January 1941 a large component of the Australian Armys recently raised 8th Division was posted to Malaya. [38] Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival, commander of the garrison, had 85,000 soldiersthe equivalent, on paper at least, of just over four divisions. Afterwards a fragile fleet of forty-four independent unescorted sailings occurred on Black Friday 13 February, with a few stragglers coming behind on 14 February. A Royal Navy assessment of these vessels was scathing, finding them in poor repair and mostly unseaworthy, and many were later burned. Previous ed. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. Their greatest challenge was transiting the Sunda Strait, now controlled by the Japanese, but somehow hugging the coast they remained undetected. Burroughs, Walter, The Naval Evacuation of Singapore February 1942, Naval Historical Review Vol 40 No 2, June 2019, Naval Historical Society of Australia, Sydney. It looks like WhatsApp is not installed on your phone. It is believed 32 survivors, some wounded, came ashore which included the captain; his wife Alice had been killed during the attacks. Anniversary Cruise: Sydney under Japanese Attack, Sydney Harbour in War and Peace: Bradleys Head Tour, Garden Island Northern Hill and Garden Tour, Night of the midget subs Sydney under attack, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 1, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 2, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 3. The escape from Singapore Creator Gough, Richard, 1956-Subject Great Britain. By 15 February, about a million civilians in the city were crammed into the remaining area held by Allied forces, 1 per cent of the island. 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Select a location to see product availability. By 5 pm a scratch crew and passengers, which now included LTCOL McKerron, had been assembled, totaling about 30 men. Please try again. Grasshopperwas hit twice and set on fire but her captain managed to beach her on nearby Sebayer Islands. [67], Shortly before 20:30 on 8 February, the first wave of Japanese troops from the 5th Division and 18th Division began crossing the Johor Strait. Date 8-15 February 1942 Location Singapore, Straits Settlements Singapore in World War II, National Heritage Board, Singapore, 2011. A smaller version was the Harbour Defence Motor Launch (HDML). With only two boats it would take several trips to get all personnel to some wooded islands about 5 miles distant. [114] The withdrawing troops received harassing attacks all the way back. Malaya and Singapore had an ample supply of defending forces, with a British Army supported by Australian and Indian troops, however, many of these had been hastily put together and quantity was not matched by quality. Rosie's War reveals their hazardous escape to Bombay . Need help? The next day the irrepressible Bill Reynolds arrived in Kofoku Maru and took off a further 70 walking wounded. Bennetts independent spirit did not fit into the Allied command structure, however his Division generally acquitted themselves well against a seasoned enemy. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2001. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Nearly all were captured by the Japanese and 21 nurses were summarily executed with a further eight dying in captivity (Shaw 2010). These Dalforce officers were keen to attempt an escape to Sumatra where they might reform. The "Southern Area", including the main urban areas in the south-east, was commanded by Major-General Frank Simmons. [62] The Australians requested the shelling of these positions to disrupt the Japanese preparations but the patrol reports were later ignored by Malaya Command as being insignificant, based upon the belief that the real assault would come in the north-eastern sector, not the north-west. [35][36], During the weeks preceding the invasion, Commonwealth forces suffered a number of both subdued and openly disruptive disagreements amongst its senior commanders,[37] as well as pressure from Australian Prime Minister John Curtin. On 13 February ML311was attacked and destroyed by enemy surface ships and two days later ML432 was captured when beached off Banka Island. Discover more of the authors books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more. After sailing for one day she was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-4with no known survivors. Against all odds, and crammed like sardines, they were underway. Meanwhile two small naval launches arrived full of miscellaneous Army and Navy personnel. Taking effect from 8.30 pm, control of this mighty fortress and its garrison was handed over to the Imperial Japanese Army. Over the final five-day period before surrender on Sunday 15 February 1942, about 5000 souls escaped but less than one in four made a safe landing, the rest being killed or captured. Japanese forces quickly isolated, surrounded and forced the surrender of Indian units defending the coast. . As of 13 February they had been told to disband and form an underground guerilla force to escape Japanese reprisals. Since then further interesting information has come to light. It left a scar on his mind. The Dalforce irregulars, also known as Dalleys Desperadoes, were mainly local businessmen with some limited military service. The Japanese advance continued and the Allies began to run out of supplies. RELEASE DATE: March 1, 1974. This is without a doubt the most boring WWII book I've come across. On sailing there were about300 passengers and crew. Gibson, Walter, The Boat Singapore Escape, Monsoon, Singapore, 2007. [124] For the most part, there was limited fighting around the perimeter, except around Pasir Panjang Ridge, 1mi (1.6km) from Singapore Harbour, where the 1st Malaya Brigadewhich consisted of a Malayan infantry battalion, two British infantry battalions and a force of Royal Engineersfought a stubborn defensive action during the Battle of Pasir Panjang. Twenty-two others escaped the island after rebuilding a native vessel but were captured and returned to Singapore as POWs. [111] The counter-attack was repulsed by the Imperial Guards and the 27th Australian Brigade was split in half on either side of the Bukit Timah Road with elements spread as far as the Pierce Reservoir.[112]. The Australian Army 8th Division in Malaya eventually reached about 15,000 men. These explained the inadequacy of British forces to withstand a Japanese attack in the Far East and the Royal Navys inability to send a fleet in defence. A further 5000 troops in Convoy US111B arrived at Keppel Harbour on 15 August 1941. As part of the Singapore strategy, the base formed a key part of British interwar defence planning for the region. RAF Kallang was the only operational airstrip left; the surviving squadrons and aircraft had withdrawn by January to reinforce the Dutch East Indies. by Ian Skidmore online at Alibris. The British erroneously considered the jungle terrain impassable, leading to a swift Japanese advance as Allied defences were quickly outflanked. Those who fell on the way were bayoneted. Kembong stopped and luckily remained undiscovered. The once proud naval base, HMS Sultan,was evacuated at the end of January and set on fire with personnel relocated to a hutted camp at Seletar. ESCAPE FROM SINGAPORE - 1942 [Skidmore, I.] He proposed two options: an immediate counter-attack to regain the reservoirs and the military food depots around Bukit Timah, or surrender. Here there was a small Dutch Customs Station who advised them to proceed about 12 hours up river to Pekanbaru where there was an RAF Base. The Captain anchored near the mouth of the Siak River, a large estuary on the east coast of Sumatra, where she was sheltered from prying eyes. : The surviving garrison was marched into Japanese prison camps, some never to return. [76][h] From 27 to 30 January, another 48 Hurricanes arrived on the aircraft carrier HMSIndomitable. [120] That day, military police executed Captain Patrick Heenan for espionage. Magazine Subscribers (How to Find Your Reader Number). HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran Shipwreck Sites, Admiralty House, Garden and Fortifications, Royal Australian Naval Transmitting Station ACT, 81st. [d] The Japanese overran cities and advanced toward Singapore, which was an anchor for the operations of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), the first Allied joint command of the Second World War. After four days at sea they were sighted by the Singapore Harbour Services Launch Tern which took the General and his two aides inshore. The airfields at Tengah, Seletar and Sembawang were in range of Japanese artillery at Johor Bahru. Military analysts later estimated that if the guns had been well supplied with HE shells the Japanese attackers would have suffered heavy casualties but the invasion could not have been prevented by this means alone. Prior to the battle, Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita had advanced with about 30,000 men down the Malayan Peninsula in the Malayan campaign. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. They were supported by seven obsolete aircraft, one elderly destroyer, two gunboats and eight motor torpedo boats (MTBs). One evening, months later, when he was sitting in his bathroom enveloped in a towel, he stopped drying himself and gloomily surveyed the floor: 'I cannot get over Singapore', he said sadly. Search the history of over 778 billion War finally came with Japanese forces attacking the northern beaches of Malaya on 8 December 1941 because of the dateline, one hour ahead of Pearl Harbor.Within days their attacks had extended to the Philippines and Hong Kong and through a pincer movement, down both sides of the Malay Peninsula. [71] The initial fighting cost the Australians many casualties, the 2/20th, losing 334 men killed and 214 wounded. On the morning of 12 February naval personnel were told they would be embarking in half-a-dozen small ships later that evening. Escape From Singapore, 1942 by Skidmore, Ian. Along the way, the severe class-conciousness of the British Army in WWII becomes quite clear, and not a whole lot happens. [143], Under the terms of the surrender, hostilities were to cease at 20:30 that evening, all military forces in Singapore were to surrender unconditionally, all Commonwealth forces would remain in position and disarm themselves within an hour, and the British were allowed to maintain a force of 1,000 armed men to prevent looting until relieved by the Japanese. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. The infantry positions were reinforced by the recently arrived Australian 2/4th Machine-Gun Battalion. With only a few Navy men and a Merchant Marine among them, and no navigation gear, they make their way to what they hope is safety, where they are reabsorbed into the military machine. It consisted of a senior staff officer, the colonial secretary and an interpreter. [53][54][g] Percival incorrectly guessed that the Japanese would land forces on the north-east side of Singapore, ignoring advice that the north-west was a more likely direction of attack (where the Straits of Johor were the narrowest and a series of river mouths provided cover for the launching of water craft). The presence of the prison camp is said to have shielded the town of Barth from Allied bombing. Her passengers included the skippers wife, a civilian nurse Alice Wilkinson, and 12 Dockyard personnel, plus 50 from the RAF and Army. [28] According to John Coates, the report "lacked substance", for though there had undoubtedly been a lack of discipline in the final stages of the campaignparticularly among the poorly trained British, Indian and Australian reinforcements that were hurriedly dispatched as the crisis worsenedthe 8th Australian Division had fought well and had gained the respect of the Japanese. 1942 World War II battle; Japanese victory Fall of Singapore Part of the Pacific Warof the Second World War Lieutenant-GeneralArthur Percival(right), led by Ichiji Sugita, walks under a flag of truceto negotiate the capitulation of Commonwealth forces in Singapore, 15 February 1942. Copyright 2023. The Locust class river gunboats were relatively new steam turbine ships of 585 tons capable of 17 knots. The final naval evacuation from Singapore in February 1942 was a tragedy of epic proportions, resulting in death and misery with few redeeming features except the eventual safety of the few survivors. 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